技术标签： openstack
创建Nova 数据库
[root@controller ~]# mysql -u root -psursen@2015
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 15
Server version: 10.1.20-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nova_api;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nova;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nova_cell0;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_api.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova_cell0.* TO 'nova'@'%' \
-> IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
设置认证
[root@controller ~]# . admin-openstack.sh
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt nova
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | default |
| enabled | True |
| id | a90ecafee68047b7ba438df90150b56f |
| name | nova |
| options | {} |
| password_expires_at | None |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project service --user nova admin
[root@controller ~]# openstack service create --name nova \
> --description "OpenStack Compute" compute
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | OpenStack Compute |
| enabled | True |
| id | e2d39ba9300c4da8bd5de2ee85100123 |
| name | nova |
| type | compute |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> compute public http://controller:8774/v2.1
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 6452ea7f32944f74815accbfc00ace88 |
| interface | public |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | e2d39ba9300c4da8bd5de2ee85100123 |
| service_name | nova |
| service_type | compute |
| url | http://controller:8774/v2.1 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]#
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> compute internal http://controller:8774/v2.1
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 98387b877ca14d5b9f56fac2cfe66453 |
| interface | internal |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | e2d39ba9300c4da8bd5de2ee85100123 |
| service_name | nova |
| service_type | compute |
| url | http://controller:8774/v2.1 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \
> compute admin http://controller:8774/v2.1
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 9eb940ba738a4f8eb8893c083e234810 |
| interface | admin |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | e2d39ba9300c4da8bd5de2ee85100123 |
| service_name | nova |
| service_type | compute |
| url | http://controller:8774/v2.1 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt placement
User Password:
Repeat User Password:
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
| domain_id | default |
| enabled | True |
| id | 267d9aaf42d547feab131dd9a3868df7 |
| name | placement |
| options | {} |
| password_expires_at | None |
+---------------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack role add --project service --user placement admin
[root@controller ~]# openstack service create --name placement --description "Placement API" placement
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
| description | Placement API |
| enabled | True |
| id | a04baa56a74e48cca5d7ab01cae5e494 |
| name | placement |
| type | placement |
+-------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement public http://controller:8778
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 7dc10eeab8764561b62505fb6865d056 |
| interface | public |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | a04baa56a74e48cca5d7ab01cae5e494 |
| service_name | placement |
| service_type | placement |
| url | http://controller:8778 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement internal http://controller:8778
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | 60cacf04d0424b40b1615243d829769c |
| interface | internal |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | a04baa56a74e48cca5d7ab01cae5e494 |
| service_name | placement |
| service_type | placement |
| url | http://controller:8778 |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne placement admin http://controller:8778
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| Field | Value |
+--------------+----------------------------------+
| enabled | True |
| id | dc3cff853ac8444e964b321cd26a50aa |
| interface | admin |
| region | RegionOne |
| region_id | RegionOne |
| service_id | a04baa56a74e48cca5d7ab01cae5e494 |
| service_name | placement |
| service_type | placement |
| url | http://controller:8778 |
+--------------+----------------------------------
安装nova 组件
[root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-conductor \
> openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy \
> openstack-nova-scheduler openstack-nova-placement-api -y
设置nova 配置
[root@controller ~]# cp /etc/nova/nova.conf{,.bak}
[root@controller ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
nova配置最终配置文件
[root@controller ~]# egrep -v '#|^$' /etc/nova/nova.conf
[DEFAULT]
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
my_ip = 10.10.6.11
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
[api]
auth_strategy = keystone
[api_database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova_api
[barbican]
[cache]
[cells]
[cinder]
os_region_name = RegionOne
[compute]
[conductor]
[console]
[consoleauth]
[cors]
[crypto]
[database]
connection = mysql+pymysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller/nova
[devices]
[ephemeral_storage_encryption]
[filter_scheduler]
[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292
[guestfs]
[healthcheck]
[hyperv]
[ironic]
[key_manager]
[keystone]
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS
[libvirt]
[matchmaker_redis]
[metrics]
[mks]
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS
service_metadata_proxy = true
metadata_proxy_shared_secret = METADATA_SECRET
[notifications]
[osapi_v21]
[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_kafka]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
[oslo_messaging_zmq]
[oslo_middleware]
[oslo_policy]
[pci]
[placement]
os_region_name = RegionOne
project_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
auth_type = password
user_domain_name = Default
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
username = placement
password = PLACEMENT_PASS
[quota]
[rdp]
[remote_debug]
[scheduler]
discover_hosts_in_cells_interval = 300
[serial_console]
[service_user]
[spice]
[upgrade_levels]
[vault]
[vendordata_dynamic_auth]
[vmware]
[vnc]
enabled = true
vncserver_listen = $my_ip
vncserver_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
[workarounds]
[wsgi]
[xenserver]
[xvp]
在 /etc/httpd/conf.d/00-nova-placement-api.conf 最后添加以下文件
vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/00-nova-placement-api.conf
<Directory /usr/bin>
<IfVersion >= 2.4>
Require all granted
</IfVersion>
<IfVersion < 2.4>
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</IfVersion>
</Directory>
[root@controller ~]# systemctl restart httpd
同步数据库
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage api_db sync" nova
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/enginefacade.py:332: NotSupportedWarning: Configuration option(s) ['use_tpool'] not supported
exception.NotSupportedWarning
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 map_cell0" nova
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/enginefacade.py:332: NotSupportedWarning: Configuration option(s) ['use_tpool'] not supported
exception.NotSupportedWarning
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 create_cell --name=cell1 --verbose" nova
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/enginefacade.py:332: NotSupportedWarning: Configuration option(s) ['use_tpool'] not supported
exception.NotSupportedWarning
67b11791-c457-46a7-93be-16384afba937
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/enginefacade.py:332: NotSupportedWarning: Configuration option(s) ['use_tpool'] not supported
exception.NotSupportedWarning
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pymysql/cursors.py:166: Warning: (1831, u'Duplicate index `block_device_mapping_instance_uuid_virtual_name_device_name_idx`. This is deprecated and will be disallowed in a future release.')
result = self._query(query)
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pymysql/cursors.py:166: Warning: (1831, u'Duplicate index `uniq_instances0uuid`. This is deprecated and will be disallowed in a future release.')
result = self._query(query)
确认nova cell0 和cell1 注册成功
[root@controller ~]# nova-manage cell_v2 list_cells
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/enginefacade.py:332: NotSupportedWarning: Configuration option(s) ['use_tpool'] not supported
exception.NotSupportedWarning
+-------+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| Name | UUID | Transport URL | Database Connection |
+-------+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
| cell0 | 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 | none:/ | mysql+pymysql://nova:****@controller/nova_cell0 |
| cell1 | 67b11791-c457-46a7-93be-16384afba937 | rabbit://openstack:****@controller | mysql+pymysql://nova:****@controller/nova |
+-------+--------------------------------------+------------------------------------+-------------------------------------------------+
启动服务
[root@controller ~]# systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service \
> openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service \
> openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-api.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-api.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-consoleauth.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-consoleauth.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-scheduler.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-scheduler.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-conductor.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-conductor.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-novncproxy.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-novncproxy.service.
[root@controller ~]# systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service
Nova 节点：Compute12 上设置
[root@controller ~]# ssh 10.10.6.12
安装软件
[root@compute12 ~]# yum install openstack-nova-compute -y
Complete!
[root@compute12 ~]# cp /etc/nova/nova.conf{,.bak}
因在kvm上安装，所以libvirtd 设置为virt_type = qemu 需要注意
[root@compute12 ~]# egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
0
[root@compute12 ~]# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf
设置nova 配置文件最终完整版如下
[root@compute12 ~]# egrep -v '#|^$' /etc/nova/nova.conf
[DEFAULT]
enabled_apis = osapi_compute,metadata
transport_url = rabbit://openstack:RABBIT_PASS@controller
my_ip = 10.10.6.12
use_neutron = True
firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
[api]
auth_strategy = keystone
[api_database]
[barbican]
[cache]
[cells]
[cinder]
[compute]
[conductor]
[console]
[consoleauth]
[cors]
[crypto]
[database]
[devices]
[ephemeral_storage_encryption]
[filter_scheduler]
[glance]
api_servers = http://controller:9292
[guestfs]
[healthcheck]
[hyperv]
[ironic]
[key_manager]
[keystone]
[keystone_authtoken]
auth_uri = http://controller:5000
auth_url = http://controller:35357
memcached_servers = controller:11211
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
project_name = service
username = nova
password = NOVA_PASS
[libvirt]
virt_type = qemu
[matchmaker_redis]
[metrics]
[mks]
[neutron]
url = http://controller:9696
auth_url = http://controller:35357
auth_type = password
project_domain_name = default
user_domain_name = default
region_name = RegionOne
project_name = service
username = neutron
password = NEUTRON_PASS
[notifications]
[osapi_v21]
[oslo_concurrency]
lock_path = /var/lib/nova/tmp
[oslo_messaging_amqp]
[oslo_messaging_kafka]
[oslo_messaging_notifications]
[oslo_messaging_rabbit]
[oslo_messaging_zmq]
[oslo_middleware]
[oslo_policy]
[pci]
[placement]
os_region_name = RegionOne
project_domain_name = Default
project_name = service
auth_type = password
user_domain_name = Default
auth_url = http://controller:35357/v3
username = placement
password = PLACEMENT_PASS
[quota]
[rdp]
[remote_debug]
[scheduler]
[serial_console]
[service_user]
[spice]
[upgrade_levels]
[vault]
[vendordata_dynamic_auth]
[vmware]
[vnc]
enabled = True
vncserver_listen = 0.0.0.0
vncserver_proxyclient_address = $my_ip
novncproxy_base_url = http://10.10.6.11:6080/vnc_auto.html
[workarounds]
[wsgi]
[xenserver]
[xvp]
[root@compute12 ~]#
启动服务
[root@compute12 ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-compute.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-compute.service.
[root@compute12 ~]# systemctl start libvirtd.service openstack-nova-compute.service
在控制节点上确认 安装是否成功
[root@controller ~]# . admin-openstack.sh
[root@controller ~]# openstack compute service list --service nova-compute
+----+--------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| ID | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated At |
+----+--------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| 9 | nova-compute | compute12 | nova | enabled | up | 2018-03-27T02:19:19.000000 |
+----+--------------+-----------+------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage cell_v2 discover_hosts --verbose" nova
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/enginefacade.py:332: NotSupportedWarning: Configuration option(s) ['use_tpool'] not supported
exception.NotSupportedWarning
Found 2 cell mappings.
Skipping cell0 since it does not contain hosts.
Getting compute nodes from cell 'cell1': 67b11791-c457-46a7-93be-16384afba937
Found 0 unmapped computes in cell: 67b11791-c457-46a7-93be-16384afba937
[root@controller ~]#
[root@controller ~]# openstack compute service list
+----+------------------+------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| ID | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated At |
+----+------------------+------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
| 1 | nova-conductor | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2018-03-27T02:20:05.000000 |
| 3 | nova-consoleauth | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2018-03-27T02:20:06.000000 |
| 4 | nova-scheduler | controller | internal | enabled | up | 2018-03-27T02:20:06.000000 |
| 9 | nova-compute | compute12 | nova | enabled | up | 2018-03-27T02:20:09.000000 |
+----+------------------+------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack catalog list
+-----------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| Name | Type | Endpoints |
+-----------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
| glance | image | |
| keystone | identity | RegionOne |
| | | public: http://controller:5000/v3/ |
| | | RegionOne |
| | | admin: http://controller:35357/v3/ |
| | | RegionOne |
| | | internal: http://controller:5000/v3/ |
| | | |
| placement | placement | RegionOne |
| | | internal: http://controller:8778 |
| | | RegionOne |
| | | public: http://controller:8778 |
| | | RegionOne |
| | | admin: http://controller:8778 |
| | | |
| glance | image | RegionOne |
| | | admin: http://controller:9292 |
| | | RegionOne |
| | | internal: http://controller:9292 |
| | | RegionOne |
| | | public: http://controller:9292 |
| | | |
| nova | compute | RegionOne |
| | | public: http://controller:8774/v2.1 |
| | | RegionOne |
| | | internal: http://controller:8774/v2.1 |
| | | RegionOne |
| | | admin: http://controller:8774/v2.1 |
| | | |
+-----------+-----------+-----------------------------------------+
[root@controller ~]# openstack image list
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| ID | Name | Status |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
| 188515c1-c203-46d3-b2a1-88cbb8a70a44 | cirros | active |
+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
[root@controller ~]# nova-status upgrade check
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/oslo_db/sqlalchemy/enginefacade.py:332: NotSupportedWarning: Configuration option(s) ['use_tpool'] not supported
exception.NotSupportedWarning
Option "os_region_name" from group "placement" is deprecated. Use option "region-name" from group "placement".
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Upgrade Check Results |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Check: Cells v2 |
| Result: Failure |
| Details: No host mappings found but there are compute nodes. Run |
| command 'nova-manage cell_v2 simple_cell_setup' and then |
| retry. |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Check: Placement API |
| Result: Success |
| Details: None |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Check: Resource Providers |
| Result: Success |
| Details: None |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
本文参考地址：https://docs.openstack.org/nova/pike/install/controller-install-rdo.html
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文章浏览阅读1.5k次，点赞6次，收藏12次。拉取librealsense。_opt/ros/noetic/lib/nodelet/nodelet: symbol lookup error: /home/admin07/reals
文章浏览阅读3.4k次，点赞3次，收藏29次。一.单选题二.填空题三.判断题一.单选题静态链接是在( )进行的。A、编译某段程序时B、装入某段程序时C、紧凑时D、装入程序之前Pentium处理器(32位)最大可寻址的虚拟存储器地址空间为( )。A、由内存的容量而定B、4GC、2GD、1G分页系统中,主存分配的单位是( )。A、字节B、物理块C、作业D、段在段页式存储管理中，当执行一段程序时，至少访问()次内存。A、1B、2C、3D、4在分段管理中，（ ）。A、以段为单位分配，每._系统抖动现象的发生由什么引起的
文章浏览阅读2.4k次。在实际的工作生产中，零件的加工制造一般都需要二维工程图来辅助设计。UG NX 的工程图主要是为了满足二维出图需要。在绘制工程图时，需要先确定所绘制图形要表达的内容，然后根据需要并按照视图的选择原则，绘制工程图的主视图、其他视图以及某些特殊视图，最后标注图形的尺寸、技术说明等信息，即可完成工程图的绘制。1.视图选择原则工程图合理的表达方案要综合运用各种表达方法，清晰完整地表达出零件的结构形状，并便于看图。确定工程图表达方案的一般步骤如下：口分析零件结构形状由于零件的结构形状以及加工位置或工作位置的不._ug-nx工程图
文章浏览阅读920次，点赞29次，收藏18次。原文《智能制造数字化工厂智慧供应链大数据解决方案》PPT格式主要从智能制造数字化工厂智慧供应链大数据解决方案框架图、销量预测+S&OP大数据解决方案、计划统筹大数据解决方案、订单履约大数据解决方案、库存周转大数据解决方案、采购及供应商管理大数据模块、智慧工厂大数据解决方案、设备管理大数据解决方案、质量管理大数据解决方案、仓储物流与网络优化大数据解决方案、供应链决策分析大数据解决方案进行建设。适用于售前项目汇报、项目规划、领导汇报。
文章浏览阅读2w次，点赞38次，收藏102次。在服务器端，socket()返回的套接字用于监听（listen）和接受（accept）客户端的连接请求。这个套接字不能用于与客户端之间发送和接收数据。 accept()接受一个客户端的连接请求，并返回一个新的套接字。所谓“新的”就是说这个套接字与socket()返回的用于监听和接受客户端的连接请求的套接字不是同一个套接字。与本次接受的客户端的通信是通过在这个新的套接字上发送和接收数_当在函数 'main' 中调用 'open_socket_accept'时.line: 8. connection request fa
文章浏览阅读4.3k次。对象销毁对象销毁的标准语法Close和Stop何时销毁对象销毁对象时清除字段对象销毁的标准语法Framework在销毁对象的逻辑方面遵循一套规则，这些规则并不限用于.NET Framework或C#语言；这些规则的目的是定义一套便于使用的协议。这些协议如下:一旦销毁，对象不可恢复。对象不能被再次激活，调用对象的方法或者属性抛出ObjectDisposedException异常重复地调用对象的Disposal方法会导致错误如果一个可销毁对象x 包含或包装或处理另外一个可销毁对象y，那么x的Disp_c# 销毁对象及其所有引用
文章浏览阅读1.1w次。这是记录，在中项、高项过程中的错题笔记；https://www.zenwu.site/post/2b6d.html1. 信息系统的规划工具在制订计划时，可以利用PERT图和甘特图；访谈时，可以应用各种调查表和调查提纲；在确定各部门、各层管理人员的需求，梳理流程时，可以采用会谈和正式会议的方法。为把企业组织结构与企业过程联系起来，说明每个过程与组织的联系，指出过程决策人，可以采用建立过程／组织（Process/Organization，P/O）矩阵的方法。例如，一个简单的P/O矩阵示例，其中._大型设备可靠性测试可否拆解为几个部分进行测试